Port Arthur is an exceptional example of the 19th century European strategy of using the forced labour of convicts to establish global empires.Port Arthur demonstrates to a high degree the adaptation burberry of the 19thcentury British penal system to Australian conditions. This regime ensured that men would be punished and reformed.Port Arthur was an industrial establishment, which engaged in largescale manufacture of a wide range of material and goods for both government and private markets.A number of Port Arthur's institutions pioneered new aspects of British and American 19th century penal and social ideas and practice: the Point Puer establishment, the Dockyard, the Separate Prison, the Paupers' Depot and the Lunatic Asylum all demonstrate important innovations in attitude and practice.After closure in 1877, the site became the cradle and exemplar of Tasmanian tourism, and of heritage tourism and management at a national level.The Soldiers' Memorial Avenue, established in 1919, and the buildings associated with the Carnarvon period, are of local significance.The Port Arthur Historic Site is a benchmark place in the development of Australian historical archaeological method and theory.The physical landscape impresses on the viewer the enormity of the task of establishing a British convict settlement in a remote burberry colonial setting.The gardenesque landscape was intended to model for all inhabitants the desired qualities of a thriving society order, discipline, beauty and obedience.The beauty of the landscape, while seemingly paradoxical, is rather more appropriately viewed as an essential component of the coercive system; this essentially 18th century idea is forcefully expressed at Port Arthur.Its landscape, ruins and formal layout symbolise a transformation in Australian attitudes from revulsion at the hated stain to honouring of and interest in the convict past.The planning and built fabric of Port Arthur's Dockyard, convict tramway, semaphore system, flour mill, hydro engineering works and reticulated water systems demonstrate high degrees of creativity in adapting imported industrial practices to local materials and conditions.The collection of built structures from the convict period of Port Arthur is important in demonstrating the labour, skills and workmanship of convicts.Port Arthur represents the introduction to the Australian colonies of certain Western burberry ideas and structures concerned with the management of prisoners, the mentally ill and the indigent, which still burberry burberry underpin modern practices.The local community values the Site as a former township in which many of them were born and grew up.